Evaluating point transfers to airlines by alliance

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Last month I wrote that the addition of gas stations to the Citi ThankYou Premier "travel" bonus category, and raising that bonus to 3 ThankYou points per dollar, had leveled the playing field between that card, the Chase Ink Plus, and American Express Amex Everyday Preferred, all three of which will have $95 annual fees starting April 19, 2015, when the ThankYou Premier card's annual fee is lowered from $125.

Of course, the definition of a card that earns flexible points is the ability to transfer those points to airline and hotel partners. So which airline transfer partners are best for each of the three rewards currencies?

SkyTeam

Chase Ultimate Rewards. Here you have just one transfer partner, Korean Air. The good news is, they have a pretty decent, zone-based award chart for SkyTeam partner awards:

The bad news is, they pass along fuel surcharges on their own flights and SkyTeam partner flights. For flights to South Korea from the United States, one interesting option is paying 35,000 Delta SkyMiles and $24 for your outbound ticket, since Delta doesn't pass along fuel surcharges on Korean Air flights, and using SKYPASS miles for the return on Korean Air, where you'll pay just 83,100 Korean Won (about $75) in taxes and fuel surcharges. That's about $266 less than you'd pay booking the entire trip with SKYPASS miles, and only $14 more than you'd pay booking the entire trip with SkyMiles.

American Express Membership Rewards. Membership Rewards points transfer to Delta and a number of other SkyTeam carriers: AeroMexico, Air France KLM, and Alitalia. For most redemptions from the United States, you'll be best off redeeming Delta SkyMiles, unless you want to book First Class tickets, since Delta doesn't have access to those seats (they don't operate a First Class cabin themselves).

For redemptions originating outside the United States, you'll need to consider another carrier (or more realistically, another alliance), since Delta passes along fuel surcharges on those flights. Air France KLM and Alitalia charge punishing fuel surcharges even on their own flights.

Aeromexico is an interesting case. I was unable to price out any SkyTeam partner awards using their online booking engine, so I don't know if they pass along fuel surcharges, although that's my impression from the little information I was able to gather. If any readers have experience booking SkyTeam awards through Aeromexico, I'd love to hear it!

Citi ThankYou. In addition to Air France KLM, here you have the unique transfer partner of Garuda Indonesia. To quote from the GarudaMiles website: "Award Tickets redemption for any of Garuda Indonesia partner airlines, including Air France & KLM, can only be conducted at Garuda Indonesia Sales Offices." Unfortunately, that's not going to be very useful for most people, so your best best will likely still be Air France KLM.

oneworld

Chase Ultimate Rewards. British Airways is your only option here, and you know what that means: domestic economy flights on American Airlines or US Airways, transatlantic flights on Aer Lingus and air berlin, and transfers to Iberia Avios for redemptions on their own flights.

American Express Membership Rewards. Here you can choose between Cathay Pacific and British Airways (or Iberia) Avios. While both programs are distance-based, and both pass along fuel surcharges from partners, Cathay Pacific's award chart is based on the total distance traveled on an award itinerary, rather than the length of each segment, which should make awards that require connections cheaper. Additionally, on April 28, 2015, Avios redemptions for most long-haul segments in premium cabins will increase by 50% (Business) and 33% (First). That'll increase the value of Cathay Pacific miles compared to Avios. For example, a First Class redemption on American Airlines between JFK and LAX will cost 50,000 Avios (currently 37,500), but just 40,000 Asia Miles, as a "single carrier award." There's additional value in Cathay's multi-partner awards, though you'll see excessive fuel surcharges on many of those awards.

Citi ThankYou. Here you can choose between Cathay Pacific, Malaysia Airlines, and Qatar. Qatar Qmiles appear to be completely worthless. Malaysia Airlines has a distance-based award chart with fairly steep single-partner award redemptions (JFK-LAX on American Airlines would cost 132,000 Enrich Miles in First!), but much more reasonable multi-partner awards. Drew at Travel is Free has looked at a number of routes where Malaysia Airlines miles are competitive, particularly on their own flights, so I'll call this a tie between Malaysia Airlines and Cathay Pacific.

Star Alliance

Chase Ultimate Rewards. Between United and Singapore Airlines, you'll typically want to transfer your Ultimate Rewards points to United, since they don't pass along fuel surcharges on partner awards. The most popular exception is if you're committed to redeeming Ultimate Rewards points for Singapore Airlines Suites Class redemptions, since you may find KrisFlyer miles more useful because of their increased access to those seats.

American Express Membership Rewards. With the same caveat as above, Air Canada Aeroplan miles will usually be more valuable than Singapore Airlines miles, since they don't pass along fuel surcharges on many of their partners, although ANA can make sense on Star Alliance routes with fuel surcharges where their distance-based award chart requires fewer miles than Aeroplan, or on United, where ANA passes along low or no fuel surcharges.

Citi ThankYou. Citi has two unique transfer partners in Star Alliance, Thai Airways and EVA Air, in addition to Singapore. Thai Airways recently gutted their award chart, and EVA Air passes along fuel surcharges, so if you have to redeem ThankYou points for Star Alliance travel, Singapore is likely to be your best bet.

Conclusion

The point of this post is to emphasize that bonused earning rates, like those at gas stations, change the value calculus of various loyalty programs.

Much hay is made of the fact that Starwood Preferred Guest Starpoints have a 20% transfer bonus when transferred in increments of 20,000, or that Membership Rewards points can sometimes be transferred to British Airways with a 40% bonus.

But if you're earning 2 Ultimate Rewards points, or 3 Membership Rewards or ThankYou points, per dollar spent at gas stations, you should be putting equal weight on the 100% or 200% "transfer bonus" that category spend gives you; after all, the Starwood Preferred Guest American Express earns just 1 Starpoint per dollar spent everywhere.

Finally, this is not encouragement to sign up for all three cards that earn bonus, flexible points at gas stations. On the contrary, it's an invitation to take a look at your upcoming trips, the award reservations you intend to make, and the loyalty currencies that can make that possible. Then find the credit cards that offer bonus points in the categories that are going to get you those points as easily and cheaply as possible. If you have access to cheap gas station manufactured spend, it might be one of these cards. If you don't, then you'll need to keep looking!

My next application cycle

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Background: What's in my wallet?

Compared to many travel bloggers, I rely on signup bonuses for a relatively small part of my travel needs. For example, my Barclaycard Arrival World MasterCard came with a 40,000 "mile" signup bonus, worth $444 in statement credits against travel purchases.

However, since it earns 2 miles per dollar, worth 2.22% cash back against travel purchases, it's also my go-to card for non-bonused manufactured spend, and I've earned and redeemed many tens of thousands of miles with the card. The 40,000 mile signup bonus is a great incentive to include it in any application cycle, but it's not the only reason to get the card, and in a lower-signup-bonus environment the card might still be worth applying for — at least for the first, fee-free, year.

All this leads me to say that since I rely on manufactured spend more than signup bonuses, it's more important for me to find the right combination of cards on the earning side than merely waiting for the highest signup bonuses. For example, I applied for the American Express Blue Cash back in January because of its earning potential, not its signup bonus — then I included a few cards with valuable signup bonuses to round out my application cycle.

The cards I'm waiting for

There are a few cards I don't yet have, which are going to complement my current holdings nicely. I plan to apply for these cards during my next application cycle:

  • Bank of America Alaska Airlines Signature Visa. The signup bonus for this card went as high as 50,000 miles back in December, during what I called a perfect storm of signup bonuses. It's currently stuck at 40,000 miles after spending $10,000 within 6 months, which is a great offer. But I'm hoping it pops back up to 50,000 sometime soon, so I can keep earning Alaska miles after May 31, when the Bank of America Alaska Airlines debit card finally disappears;
  • American Express Starwood Preferred Guest Personal or Business. This card has a 25,000 Starpoint signup bonus, and the ability to earn Starpoints, which are incredibly valuable for hotel stays, but also transferable to partner airlines and redeemable for paid airline tickets. In other words, if approved I'll be putting this card in heavy rotation, despite its earning rate of just 1 Starpoint per dollar;
  • Chase Ink Bold or Plus. I write about the earning potential of these cards fairly regularly, mainly when I'm envying people who already have them. I've grown increasingly disgusted with my Chase Sapphire Preferred card, since I put my travel purchases on my Arrival card and just don't eat out all that often (no reimbursed business expenses here!). I'm looking forward to changing my Sapphire Preferred to a Chase Freedom card (doubling my quarterly bonus earnings) and adding an Ink Bold or Plus to retain the flexibility of my Ultimate Rewards points.

What's missing

After picking up those three cards I'll have access to virtually all the most valuable points currencies. But there are a few cards I'm still considering for their other benefits:

  • Chase Hyatt Visa. I've written about this card before when contemplating whether it's worth renewing for its annual free night certificate (short answer: yes, if you'll use it). It simply isn't the case that staying at a Hyatt property is the best option for me very often, which makes it a tough decision to spend a hard credit pull on the card without specific upcoming plans;
  • Membership Rewards. American Express has a number of cards with lucrative Membership Rewards earning structures, but until I can find a few reliable venders where I can maximize those bonus categories, I'm not willing to commit to a $95 or $175 annual fee, given the signup bonuses currently available;
  • Club Carlson Premier Rewards Visa Signature. I already have the business version of this card, and I love it. The personal version has a slightly higher annual fee ($75 vs $60), and gives an additional 40,000 Gold Points on each account anniversary. That's a great value, but I'm not convinced it's worth another $75, given that I can manufacture 40,000 Gold Points whenever I want, without paying $75 or waiting for my account anniversary!

Those are the cards that are currently on my mind. What do you think: what cards do I need to include in my next application cycle?

Should you care about the 30,000 Starpoint signup bonus?

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 It's no surprise that the travel-hacking blogosphere has lit up this week with links to the Starwood American Express personal and business cards, which through September 3, 2013 offer 10,000 Starpoints after first purchase and 20,000 additional Starpoints after spending $5,000 within 6 months. The card usually has a signup bonus of 25,000 Starpoints, so this is a 20% increase over the standard signup bonus.

I've never had a Starwood American Express, so I'm eligible for both signup bonuses, but I'll probably take a pass this year (the increased signup bonus is typically offered once a year). Since this promotion is getting so much play on other blogs, this is a good time to breakdown who this card might be right for. For more detail on all the information below, check out all the Starwood redemption options I explain here.

Hotel Stays

There's no question that Starwood, along with Hyatt and Club Carlson, has devalued their award chart least among the major chains, although the changes to Cash & Points rates did not win them any new fans.

Category 4 properties can cost many hundreds of dollars per night, but cost just 10,000 Starpoints, which could make this signup bonus worth well over $1,000 if used solely for Starwood reservations you were going to make anyway.

Elite Status

Indeed, if you regularly book paid stays with your own money at Starwood properties, then this card is a no brainer, because you probably value elite status highly. Starwood is exceptional among major hotel programs for awarding elite stay and night credit for award stays, so with the 35,000 Starpoints you'll have after meeting the minimum spending requirement, you could make 8 one-night reservations at Category 1 or Category 2 hotels. Those 8 stays, plus the 2 elite stay and 5 elite night credits you are credited with just for having the card, would already get you to Gold elite status (10 stays or 25 nights).

If you direct a majority of your paid stays towards Starwood properties, then elite status could make these cards worth carrying, thanks to the 50% earning bonus elites earn: 3 Starpoints per dollar spent on paid stays, instead of 2 Starpoints per dollar. Plus you'll earn 2 Starpoints per dollar spent on the card at Starwood properties, bringing your haul to around 5 Starpoints per dollar (slightly less, since you won't earn base Starpoints on taxes charged by the hotel), plus any promotions.

Airline Transfers

Like flexible Chase Ultimate Rewards and American Express Membership Rewards points, Starpoints can be transferred to many airlines at a 1 : 1 ratio, with a 5,000 Starpoint bonus at the 20,000, 40,000, and 60,000 Starpoint levels. This naturally creates the temptation to use this card to manufacture spend in order to secure award tickets. Even better, the Starwood American Express has an annual fee of just $65, compared to the $95 annual fee of Chase's flexible Ultimate Rewards cards, or $175 annual fee of the flexible American Express Membership Rewards cards.

You can find Starwood's airline transfer partners here.  The most important programs to note are Alaska MileagePlan, American AAdvantage, Delta Skymiles, and US Airways Dividend Miles. That gives you coverage in all four major alliances and partnerships, at least until US Airways leaves the Star Alliance for oneworld.

Flight Redemptions

Many Starwood loyalists prefer to transfer their Starpoints to frequent flyer programs to redeem for premium cabin tickets. However, Starpoints do have value beyond Starwood stays and airline transfers, so I always try to mention Starwood Flight Redemptions awards, which allow you to redeem Starpoints for paid airline tickets. 35,000 Starpoints can translate into one paid ticket costing up to $215 (15,000 Starpoints) and another ticket up to $280 (20,000 Starpoints), making this signup bonus worth up to $495 in paid tickets, plus the value of the frequent flyer miles you'll earn for those flights.

That's why even if you don't ever intend to stay at a Starwood hotel or book a premium international flight using frequent flyer miles, you may still want to consider this card since the points are between $315 and $495 in paid airfare. 

Drawbacks and Alternatives

Unfortunately, there's a drawback to this card: the Starwood American Express doesn't have any category bonuses except Starwood hotels, which would also be bonused by the Chase Sapphire Preferred (travel bonus) and Chase Ink (hotel bonus) cards. That makes it difficult to justify abandoning a flexible Chase card in favor of a Starwood American Express purely for the sake of manufacturing spend, since the bonus categories of those Chase cards (especially when combined with a Chase Freedom) can be so much more lucrative.

For example, if you have access to PayPal Cash or Vanilla Reload Network cards at a 7-11 that is coded as a "gas station," a Chase Ink card would allow you to purchase Ultimate Rewards points at a cost of 0.39 cents each, compared to 0.78 cents each with the Starwood American Express. That difference means you can pay for the $30 difference in annual fees after just $3,000 in manufactured gas station spending annually.

I consider Alaska MileagePlan miles to be wildly lucrative, since they can be used for Delta or American award tickets (among many other partners). But if you're interested primarily in earning Alaska miles, you can do so with the Bank of America Alaska Airlines Visa Signature credit card (with its annual companion ticket) or with a Bank of America debit card which gives you virtually unlimited free miles earning potential.

Conclusion

Of the three flexible awards currencies, Starpoints are probably the most valuable – each – because of the redemption options outlined above. However, that doesn't mean that the Starwood American Express is the most valuable credit credit to manufacture spend on: depending on your spend pattern, that distinction probably belongs to the Chase Sapphire Preferred or Ink Bold/Plus. Still, "second most valuable" is a strong endorsement, and this is the right card for a lot of people, especially with the current, higher signup bonus.

Right now I'm happily manufacturing spend at 5% cash back with the now-expired Citi ThankYou Preferred offer; 2.22% cash back with the Barclaycard Arrival World MasterCard, during my first, fee-free year; up to 4% cash back with my US Bank Flexperks Travel card; and 1.4 Skymiles and 0.4 Medallion Qualification Miles per dollar with the Delta Platinum Business American Express card. And frankly, that's about all I can fit into my current schedule. In January and April, respectively, I'll lose the first two opportunities and move that manufactured spending onto other cards. At that point I'll definitely consider making the Starwood American Express one of my workhorse cards for manufactured spend.

What's the best way to book a paid ticket?

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Travelling on international premium cabin award tickets is one of the most lucrative uses you can make of your airline miles and flexible credit card points.  The example I usually give is a 100,000 United MileagePlus award to Europe in Business Class.  If you manufacture those points at .79 cents each, you'll pay $790, plus up to a few hundred dollars in taxes and fees.  The point is that you aren't saving much money over a paid economy ticket, but you get to enjoy the comfort of flying in a premium cabin instead.

The downside is that you don't earn elite status-qualifying airline miles for the distance you travel on award tickets, which can be substantial on international flights.  If you value the benefits of elite status, then you'll need to make some paid domestic flights to reach the elite status threshold you're interested in.

That's why today I'm going to cover the most lucrative methods for booking paid airline tickets.

Booking Directly Through an Airline

he most obvious reason to book through an airline's website directly is to use a credit or certificate issued by the airline.  Airlines typically hand out these certificates in exchange for voluntarily giving up your seat on an overbooked flight.  Likewise, if you cancel a non-refundable flight you may have a credit available to use for a later flight (after subtracting any cancellation fees).

When you do so, it's best to use a credit card that gives bonus points on airline purchases.  For example, the Sapphire Preferred Visa and MasterCard issued by Chase give double flexible Ultimate Rewards points on all "travel" purchases.  The American Express Business Gold Rewards and Premier Rewards Gold cards likewise offer triple Membership Rewards points on purchases made directly through an airline.

In terms of fixed-value and cash back cards, the US Bank Flexperks Travel Visa Signature card offers double points on airline purchases, if that is the bonus category you spent the most in during a given statement cycle.  These points are worth up to 2 cents each, meaning you can earn up to 4% back in value on travel redemptions.

Otherwise, your best bet is a 2% cash back card like the Fidelity Investment Rewards American Express or Visa card, or a card you're meeting a minimum spending requirement on.

If you have elite status with Delta, you'll also earn 1 Starwood Preferred Guest Starpoint per dollar spent on airfare directly through the Delta website.  As you'll see below, that's not necessarily the most lucrative method of making paid Delta reservations.

Clicking Through Ultimate Rewards to an Online Travel Agency

If you have a Chase Ultimate Rewards-earning credit card, you have access to the Ultimate Rewards Mall, which allows you to earn bonus Ultimate Rewards points on purchases made through online travel agencies, or OTAs.  You can earn 1 bonus point per dollar spent at Expedia, Priceline, or Orbitz and 2 bonus points per dollar spent at Travelocity or Hotwire.  These OTAs can price out itineraries very differently, so it's always worth checking whether you can find a better price or more convenient itinerary on one OTA rather than another.

The Chase Sapphire Preferred bonuses all travel spending, including OTA reservations, so that's a reliable way to earn a total of 3-4 Ultimate Rewards points per dollar spent on airline tickets (depending on which OTA you use).  In my experience, when booking only an airline ticket (and not a package which includes a hotel, rental car, or cruise) through Travelocity, there will be two credit card charges, one from the operating airline which covers airfare, taxes, and fees:

​With a second charge from Travelocity to cover their booking fee (up to $10.99):

n these situations I believe the American Express Premier Rewards Gold and Business Gold Rewards cards will give triple points for the first, airline charge, for a total of 2 Ultimate Rewards points and 3 Membership Rewards points per dollar spent, a 5-10% rebate, depending on how you value those points.

Cash Back Portals

If you don't have access to he Ultimate Rewards mall, and you don't have a card that bonuses airline or travel purchases, and you don't have elite status on Delta (to earn 1 Starpoint per dollar), then you can still earn a small rebate on your flight purchases by clicking through a cash back portal.  All three of these cash back portals offer a fixed or variable amount of cash back when you click through to online travel agencies and make an airline reservation. 

  • TopCashBack (Expedia: $2.25, Travelocity: $3.00, CheapTickets: $5.50, Priceline: $5-$7)
  • BigCrumbs (Expedia: $1.75, Travelocity: $2.80, CheapTickets: $3.15, Priceline: $2.80)
  • Fat Wallet (Expedia: $1.25, Travelocity: $1.50, CheapTickets: $20(!), Priceline: 1%)

Conclusion

As this analysis makes clear, the best method of making paid airline reservations depends heavily on what tools you have at your disposal.  The single best combination is using the Premier Rewards Gold or Business Gold Rewards card from American Express at Travelocity or Hotwire, after clicking through to one of those travel agencies from the Chase Ultimate Rewards shopping portal.  To get access to that shopping portal, however, you'll need at the least least a no-annual-fee Chase Freedom card.  To turn those fixed-value Ultimate Rewards points into flexible Ultimate Rewards points, you'll need either a Sapphire Preferred, Ink Bold, or Ink Plus card.  However, even if you just redeem your Ultimate Rewards points for cash back through your Freedom card, you'll still be earning a generous 2% cash back on all your paid airline reservations, in addition to whatever awards you earn through the credit card you ultimately make your purchase with.